6^th International Conference on Hypertension & Cardiac Health May 26-27, 2022 Barcelona, Spain

Track 1:  Hypertension

Hypertension is the disorder where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently raised at a constant rate. This is also called as called as high blood pressure or high vital sign or blood vessel cardiovascular disease. This session primarily covers the various sorts of cardiovascular disease and their evaluation. There are two major categories of cardiovascular disease. The primary disease and the secondary disease. Almost 90-95 % of cases are primary and the main cause behind it is the unhealthy lifestyle followed by excessive consumption of alcohol, salt, body weight etc. Remaining 5-10% of individuals suffer this due to thinning of kidney arteries, chronic kidney diseases, and endocrine disorder.  Assessment of cardiovascular disease primarily includes Confirmation of hypertension, Risk factors, Fundamental causes, organ injury & Indications and contraindications of medication. Hypertension could be a major threat issue for cardiopathy and stroke.

Track 2: Health informatics & Nutrition

Health informatics is the integrative field which deals with the health information technology and includes the subjective, computer and social science.  Informatics is the science of knowing more about human health and to deliver a good outcome using that knowledge. A balanced diet is vital for good health and food provides energy, protein, essential fats, vitamins and minerals for a body to live, grow and function properly. Diet and nutrition play an important role in major causes of death, illness, and disability like coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity, cancer, osteoporosis, dental caries, and gallbladder disease. It explains the interaction of nutrients and other food substances in relation to the maintenance of an organism, growth and health diseases.

Track 3: Hypertension and Obesity

Hypertension refers to the pressure that blood applies to the inner walls of the arteries. Obesity increases the chances of cardiovascular disease. The individual session in this focuses on obesity-related cardiovascular disease, its interaction with the outcomes of hypertension, risk factors, treatment and management of cardiovascular disease. Obesity-associated arterial hypertension is characterized by activation of the sympathetic system, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and sodium retention, among different abnormalities. It's calculable that excess weight accounted for about twenty-sixth of cases of cardiovascular disease in men and twenty-eighth in ladies, and for about twenty third of cases of the coronary cardiovascular disease in men and 15 % in ladies. Obese people have a rise in adipose tissue that will increase their tube resistance and successively will increase the work the heart must do to pump blood throughout the body. Anti-hypertension medications ought to be started if hypertension is diagnosed. But, with weight-loss, a major fall in force per unit area could allow a decrease within the range of medicines taken or decrease the quantity of medication taken. Prevention would be better than any drug.

Track 4: Resistance Hypertension

Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above goal in spite of the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes. This section talks about the Resistance Hypertension causes, diagnostics, treatments and controls ideally, one of the 3 agents should be a diuretic and all agents should be prescribed at optimal dose amounts. Although arbitrary in regard to the number of medications required, resistant hypertension is thus defined in order to identify patients who are at high risk of having reversible causes of hypertension and/or patients who, because of persistently high blood pressure levels, may benefit from special diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Track 5: Renal Hypertension

Renal hypertension also called as Renovascular high blood pressure, is elevated pressure caused by nephrosis. It's a syndrome that consists of high pressure caused by the kidneys' secretion response to narrowing of the arteries activity the kidneys (renal artery stenosis). Once functioning properly this secretion axis regulates pressure. Due to the low native blood flow, the kidneys erroneously increase the pressure of the complete vascular system. It's a kind of secondary high blood pressure, a kind of hypertension whose cause is classifiable. This session mainly accounts for the assorted causes and symptoms of renovascular high blood pressure, alongside its pathological process, diagnosis, and treatment. High pressure is dangerous partially because the patients usually don't expertise the symptoms, thus organ injury will occur slowly while not being recognized. situations, a procedure like angioplasty or stenting, to improve blood flow to the kidneys can often help.

Track 6: Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension or PH is high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. In one form of pulmonary hypertension, tiny arteries in the lungs and capillaries become narrowed, blocked or destroyed. This makes it harder for blood to flow through the lungs and thus raises the pressure within lung walls. As the pressure builds, the heart's lower right chamber works harder to pump blood through the lungs, eventually causing the heart muscle to fail. Some forms of pulmonary hypertension are serious conditions that become progressively worse and are sometimes fatal. This session mainly talks about the classification, signs, symptoms, and treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension.

Track 7: Gestational Hypertension

Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is that the development of recent cardiovascular disease in a very pregnant lady when twenty weeks gestation while not the presence of supermolecule within the excretory product or different signs of  Pre-eclampsia. It's a brief identification for hypertensive pregnant ladies who don't meet criteria for pre-eclampsia or chronic cardiovascular disease. The identification is modified to, pre-eclampsia if a symptom or new signs of end-organ pathology develop and chronic (primary or secondary) cardiovascular disease if blood pressure elevation persists ≥12 weeks postnatally. The risk factors for Gestational hypertension comprise maternal causes like obesity, past history or adolescent maternity, multiple gestations, and case history. There's no specific treatment, however, it's monitored closely to quickly establish pre-eclampsia and its grave complications. Drug treatment choices are restricted, as several medications might negatively influence the craniate.

Track 8: Hypertension – Stress and Stroke

Stressful situations can lead the blood to spike up temporarily but sometimes it may cause high blood pressure too. Research is still in progress to find out about it. According to some reports, the change in the blood pressure behavior can be due to various habits like overeating, drinking or poor sleeping. It’s possible that health conditions related to stress like anxiety, depression, and isolation from friends and family may lead to heart disease but not to a high blood pressure condition. Some hormonal changes may damage your arteries leading towards heart disease. According to the National Health Interview Survey, almost 75% of the general population experiences some stress every week.  A stroke occurs when a blood vessel to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts, a part of the brain stops to get the required amount of blood and oxygen and hence it starts to die. Since the brain controls the entire body so it can threaten one’s ability to think, move and function. Hence Hypertension is the most prevalent and powerful modifiable risk factor for stroke.

Track 9: Causative Factors and Risk Assessment

High blood pressure has several causative factors like age, race, case history and obesity, not being physically active, overwhelming tobacco, an excessive amount of salt (sodium) in diet, deficient Vitamin D in the diet, drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, stress and bound chronic conditions. Though high pressure is commonest in adults, youngsters are also in danger, too. For a few youngsters, high pressure is caused by issues with the kidneys or heart except for a growing variety of youngsters, poor fashion habits, like an unhealthy diet, fleshiness, physiological condition and lack of exercise contributes to high pressure. Cardiovascular disease represents the leading reason for morbidity and mortality in Western countries, and hypertension-related vessel events influence regarding 37 million individuals annually, worldwide.

Track 10: .Diet and Exercise for Hypertension

High blood pressure, which is also called hypertension, increases the risk of developing many serious health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommendations have defined “hypertension” as a BP of ≥140/90 mm Hg. The risk of cardiovascular disease in the patient with hypertension can be greatly reduced with effective antihypertensive therapy. Maintaining normal body weight, following a proper diet plan, exercising regularly, avoiding high-sodium content foods, limited alcohol consumption and appropriate medications as prescribed by the doctor may lead to a controlled and manageable blood pressure account.

Track 11: Hypertension Treatments

 High blood pressure can be cured. The disease can be controlled by following a proper and healthy lifestyle. As per recommended by various doctors by having a healthy lifestyle, eating less salt in your regular diet, quitting smoking, consuming the limited amount of alcohol can help in curing the disease. In addition to this regular exercise will also help in controlling the disease. Drug treatments are available too for Hypertension. Various drugs are available in the market that allows the individual person to do that in which few are-Thiazide diuretics, Beta blockers, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Calcium channel blockers, Central-acting agents, Alpha blockers, Aldosterone antagonists.

Track 12: Advanced Treatments Approaches

Treating high blood pressure can take a multi-pronged approach including diet changes, medication, and exercise. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is dangerous because it can lead to strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, or kidney disease. The goal of hypertension treatment is to lower high blood pressure and protect important organs, like the brain, heart, and kidneys from damage. Treatment for hypertension has been associated with reductions in stroke (reduced an average of 35%-40%), heart attack (20%-25%), and heart failure (more than 50%), according to research. because hypertension rarely causes specific symptoms, it is not identified until an individual’s blood pressure is measured by a physician or it causes a catastrophic complication such as stroke or heart attack. Accurate diagnosis by blood pressure measurement is essential.

Track 13: Clinical Case Reports

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects millions, even children and teens. It is a common condition that catches up with most people who live into older age. The exact cause of hypertension is unknown, but there are several factors and conditions that may contribute to its occurrence. In the USA about 82% of the total population is suffering from Hypertension.

Track 14: Hypertension and Diabetes

Hypertension can lead to many complications of Diabetes. Most people affected with Diabetes are more prone to suffer Hypertension. Diabetes damages the arteries and makes them targets for hardening (also called as atherosclerosis) and if it is not treated then it may also cause blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure too. In this section of the main, we discuss various types of Diabetes, risk factors that are involved in it, controlling hypertension in patients with Diabetes and Treatment.

Track 15:Healthcare

Health care is improved maintenance or of health through prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental issues in human beings. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals like Physicians and associates. Nursing, Dentistry, medicine, psychology, and other health professions are part of healthcare.  Healthcare systems are established to meet the health needs of targeted populations.  It includes work done in providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care

Track 16: Oncology & Public Health

Oncology is the science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis & treatment of cancer. Many risk factors for cancer are the intake of alcohol, tobacco consumption, smoking, etc. Symptoms usually depend on the site and type of cancer. Based on site and type there are different types like Breast cancer, Endometrial cancer, Cervix cancer, Ovary cancer, Lung cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, etc.

Track 17: Healthcare & Technologies

Healthcare and technology can be termed as health information technology (HIT) or Health IT. The HIT is the application of knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve the quality of lives. In recent days, most of the healthcare units and providers are using health IT to improve patient care. Advancements in medical technology have allowed physicians to better diagnose and treat their patients since the beginning of the professional practice of medicine.

Track 18: Hypertension and Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest can be defined as a sudden stop in effective blood flow due to the failure of the heart. It is caused when the heart's electrical system malfunctions. The individual section in the session talks about all the related heart diseases. In cardiac arrest death results when the heart suddenly stops working properly. This may be caused by abnormal, or irregular, heart rhythms, cardiomyopathy (A thickened heart muscle), Heart medications, Electrical abnormalities, Electrical abnormalities, Recreational drug uses. Some symptoms of the arrest could be a sudden loss of responsiveness, abnormal breathing, fainting, fatigue, blackouts, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and vomiting. The most common cause for Cardiac arrest is the coronary heart disease. Coronary artery disease often results in coronary ischemia and ventricular fibrillation.

As per a statement of World Health Organization (WHO), Hypertension is one of the silent killers in 21st century and is one of the biggest global public health concerns. Hypertension is major contributors of cardiac complications, stroke, heart diseases, kidney failure, blindness, including premature death and disabilities. Hypertension is curable as well as treatable for which there is a need of involvement from individual entities, government and private sectors, health workers, civil societies and moreover individual awareness is highly recommended.

As per the estimation of WHO, globally more than 1.13 billion of people are affected with Hypertension among which less than 1 in each 5 is under control. Unhealthy diets, lack of physical activities, consumption of alcohol & tobacco are the main contributing factors of Hypertension. To reduce the prevalence by 25% by 2025, WHO along with United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention launched Global heart Initiative in 2016.

Globally, Hypertension or high Blood Pressure leads to 7.5million death cases which shares about 12.8% of all death cases recorded. Hypertension is also accounts about 57million disabilities adjusted life years which is about 3.7% of total adjusted life years. Hypertension is the primary risk factor of coronary heart disease, ischemic & haemorrhagic stroke.

Global prevalence of Hypertension in adult aged>25 was about 40% in 2008. Between 1980 to 2008 the prevalence was moderate. But, due to sharp growth in population, ageing population the uncontrolled Hypertension reached to 1 billion 2008 from 600 million. The prevalence of Hypertension was highest in Africa (>40%) and lower in Americas (35%).

As per the research of some independent firm, global Hypertension drug market is estimated to be $24.7billion in 2018 & expected to hit about $19.3 billion by 2029 with an annual CAGR of -2.3% in between 2019 to 2029. Main Drugs in the Hypertension market are Tacleer, Uptravi, Opsumit, Letairis, Adcirca, Revatio, Adempas, Veletri, Oremitram, Tyvaso, Remodulin. Major classes of drugs used are: Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics, Beta Blockers Vasodilators, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Alpha Blockers, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Renin Inhibitors. Major players in the anti-hypertensive drugs market are: Actelion, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Aventis and United Therapeutics.

As per another survey, global Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) market is forecasted to touch $9.3billion by 2026 with an CAGR of 5.6% during 2019-2026. Rising cases of PAH and the support from federal Government and private organizations, development of Orphan Drug products for PAH is fuelling the growth of the market.